Montgomery County, located in the Piedmont region of south central North Carolina, was formed in 1779 from Anson County and named for Gen. Richard Montgomery, a Revolutionary War brigadier who was killed at the Battle of Quebec. The early inhabitants of the region were Keyauwee and Saura (Cheraw) Indians, followed by German and Scottish settlers. The county seat, Troy, was incorporated in 1852 and named for either the ancient city of Troy, North Carolina General Assembly member John B. Troy, or Robert Troy, a member of the North Carolina State House. Other communities in the county include Steeds, Ether, Star, Pekin, Wadeville, Uwharrie, Eldorado, and Mount Gilead.

A large section of Montgomery County is covered by the Uwharrie National Forest, which dominates much of the region's character and economy. Other notable physical features include Badin Lake, sections of the Yadkin-Pee Dee River, Lick Fork, Shelter Mountain, Horse Trough Mountain, Cheek Creek, and Drowning Creek. The county's farms produce cotton, tobacco, livestock, poultry, dairy products, and a variety of vegetables. Manufactured products include textiles, furniture, lumber, clay products, rugs, and shoes. Montgomery County has minerals such as clay, gold, silver, and copper.

Montgomery County historic attractions include the Town Creek Indian Mound State Historic Site, the location of a 600-year-old Native American ceremonial center, which is still being excavated. The Montgomery Arts Council, the Montgomery Community Theater, and the Roller Mill Historical Museum are a few of the county's cultural institutions. Montgomery County hosts annual festivals and events such as the Indian Heritage Festival, the Troy Fest, the Mount Gilead Christmas Parade, and the Star Christmas Parade. Montgomery County's population was estimated at just over 27,000 in 2004.

Annotated history of Montgomery County's formation:

For an annotated history of the county's formation, with the laws affecting the county, boundary lines and changes, and other origin information, visit these references in The Formation of the North Carolina Counties (Corbitt, 2000), available online at North Carolina Digital Collections (note, there may be additional items of interest for the county not listed here):

County formation history: https://digital.ncdcr.gov/Documents/Detail/the-formation-of-the-north-ca...

Index entry for the county: https://digital.ncdcr.gov/Documents/Detail/the-formation-of-the-north-ca...